YANKE FARCE DA YIN ASKI GA WANDA ZAI YI LAYYA: ME YA TABBATA A SUNNA?

*BISMILLAHIR RAHMANIR RAHIM*

*YANKE FARCE DA YIN ASKI GA WANDA ZAI YI LAYYA: ME YA TABBATA A SUNNA?*

*Rubutawar: Dr. Mansur Sokoto*

2 ga Dhul Hajji1438H (24/8/2017)

A can baya inda muka fito, albarkacin kiran Danfodiyo da tajdidin Sheikh Abubakar Mahmud Gummi *_(Allah ya jikan su da gafara gaba daya)_* ba mu bukatar sai mun fadada sharhi a kan mas’ala idan muka kawo Hadisin da ya tabbatar da ita. Musamman kuma a yan shekarun nan na baya, bayan bayyanar matasan Malamai masu kira zuwa ga Sunnah a cikin kungiyar Izala da wadanda ma ba a cikin ta ba. Amma a yan kwana kwanan nan abin ya fara sauyawa saboda bayyanar wasu wadanda babu wata Sunnah da suka bari sai sun dauki sungumi suna son rusa ta. Suna amfani da sunan Malikiyya, alhali Imam Malik da Malikawan Malamai sun yi hannun riga da wannan tafarki nasu.

Hana yanke farce da cirar gashi ga wanda yake niyyar yin layya, Sunnah ce da Nana Ummu Salma (R) ta cirato mana daga Manzon Allah (S) a hadisi ingantacce wanda Imamu Muslim ya riwaito a cikin ingantacce kuma karbabben Littafinsa (Hadisi na 1977). Wannan shi kadai ya isa a wurin Ahlus Sunnah ba sai an tafi da nisa ba. To, amma sai suka sanya shakku game da Hadisin, wai Nana A’isha ta soke shi. Allah ya tsare ta da soke abinda ya tabbata daga Manzon Allah (S).

1. Da farko dai, yana da kyau a sani, ba Nana Ummu Salma ce kadai ta tabbatar da wannan Sunnar ba. A’a, Sunnah ce da Sahabbai suka sani kuma suka yi aiki da ita. Domin Ishaq bn Rahawaihi a cikin Musnad nasa (1817) da Al-Hakim cikin Mustadrak (7521) sun yo riwaya da ingantaccen isnadi daga Sarkin Malaman Tabi’ai Sa’id bn Musayyib an tambaye shi, me zai ce a kan fatawar wani Malami Yahaya bn Ya’mar da yake cewa, idan mutum yana da niyyar yin layya aka shiga goman farko ba zai aske gashi ko ya yanke farce ba? Sai ya ce, haka ne. Lallai Sahabban Manzon Allah (S) haka suka fada.

Shi ma Yahaya bn Ya’mar da ya yi waccan fatawar ya karfafa ta da ruwaya daga Ali bn Abi Talib (R) kamar yadda Imam At-Tahawi ya ruwaito a cikin Sharh Mushkil Al-Athar (14/42-43) da Ibn Abi Khaithama a cikin At-Tarikh nasa (2/124).

2. Nana A’isha (R) ba ta yi maganar Hadisin Ummu Salma ba sam, balle ace ta soke shi. Abin da ya faru shi ne, kamar yadda Imam Al-Bukhari (hadisi na 1700) da Muslim (Hadisi na 1321) suka riwaito cewa, Ziyad bn Abi Sufyan ya aika ma Nana A’isha wasika yana tambayar ta akan fatawar Ibn Abbas (R) da ya ce, idan mutum zai yi Hadaya, duk abinda aka haramta ma Alhaji shi ma an haramta masa. Sai Nana A’isha ta ce, bai yi daidai ba. Ta ce, domin ni na shirya dabbobin Hadayar Manzon Allah (S) da hannuna, sannan ya sanya masu alama da hannayensa, ya aiki mahaifina (Sayyidina Abubakar) da su zuwa Makka (A shekara ta tara kenan, da ya yi Amirul Hajji), kuma ba abinda ya fasa yi har aka soke hadayar tasa.

To, ka ga a nan mas’aloli biyu ne daban daban. Hadisin Ummu Salma yana maganar wanda zai yi layya yana zaune a garinsa. Hadisin Nana A’isha kuma yana maganar wanda ya aika dabbobi zuwa Makka domin ayi masa Hadaya kamar yadda Manzon Allah (S) ya yi. Don haka, Nana A’isha (R) ta yi gyara ne ga fatawar Ibn Abbas (R) da ya mayar da wanda ya aika hadaya a matsayin Alhaji; ba ya aski, ba ya sanya dunkakken tufa, ba ya farauta, kuma ba ya saduwa da iyali har sai an soke ko an yanka hadayarsa. Haka magabata irin su Imam Ahmad bn Hambal da Yahaya bn Sa’id Al-Ansari suka fassara wadannan Hadisai guda biyu. Duba: At-Tamhid na Ibn Abdil Barr (17/234) da Masa’il Salih ga Imam Ahmad (2/262) da kuma Lata’if Al-Ma’arif na Ibn Rajab (Shafi na 272).

Idan ma kuma aka ce, lallai babu banbanci a tsakanin Hadisan biyu, sabanin yadda su wadancan magabata suka fada, to tafarkin Malamai a irin wannan shi ne, Hadisai biyu ingantattu sun yi hannun riga, kuma akwai hanyoyin da ake bi a hada hancinsu, ayi aiki da su gaba daya ba tare da an yi watsi da ko guda ba. A nan sai a gabatar da wanda yake “خاص” ya kebance wanda yake “عام”. Ma’ana, sai ace, halal ne ga wanda zai yi hadaya ya yi duk abinda aka hana alhazai su yi kamar yadda Nana A’isha ta ce, amma ban da yanke farce da aske gashi saboda Hadisin Nana Ummu Salma. Kun ga a nan, ba a dauki daya, aka jefa daya a Bola ba.

*Matsayar Malaman Fiqihu a Kan Wannan Sunnah:*

Sanannen abu ne cewa, magabata suna gina fatawoyinsu ne a kan Hadisan Annabi (S) da kuma fatawoyin Sahabbansa. Sukan samu sabani gwargwadon yadda nassi ya zo a wurin su ko kuma yadda suka fahimce shi.

A cikin wannan mas’ala, akasarin Malamai sun yi aiki da wannan Sunnar; sun hana a cire farce ko a aske gashi idan mutum yana da niyyar yin layya kuma watan Dhul Hijja ya riga ya kama. Cikin su akwai masu kai wannan hani a matsayin haramci kamar Imam Ahmad da Shafi’i da Ishaq bn Rahawaihi da Rabi’ah – Malamin Imam Malik, da Dawud bn Ali da Abu Thaur da Auza’i da Ibn Hazm da sauran su. Kuma wannan ita ce fatawar Sarkin Malaman Tabi’ai Sa’id bn Al-Musayyib. Allah ya jikan su baki daya. Akwai kuma wadanda suka ce, wannan hanin ba ya da tsanani, makaruhi ne. Kamar yadda Malikawa da wasu daga cikin Shafi’awa suka yi fatawa. A cikin tabi’ai kuma Al-Hassan Al-Basri shi aka sani da daukar wannan matsayin.

Amma Imam Abu Hanifa – daga cikin Malaman Mazhabobi - shi kadai ne bai yi fatawa da wannan hanin ba. Kuma babu wani nassi daga wurin sa da ya nuna sukar wancan Hadisi na Ummu Salama balai ace ya jingina sokewar ga Nana A’isha. Babu shakka, almajiransa sun yi ta kai da komo don kare matsayin nasa. Amma duk abinda suka kawo ba zai hana ayi aiki da wannan tabbatacciyar Sunnah ba. Yin aiki da ita ma ciko ne ga ita kanta ibadar ta yin layya kamar yadda Ibnul Qayyim ya fada. A cikin almajiran Abu Hanifa ma akwai wadanda suka yi aiki da wannan Sunnah kamar Imam At-Tahawy da Mulla Ali al-Qari da kuma Ibn Abidin mai Hashiya.

Daga karshe, ina kira ga yan uwana Musulmi gaba daya da mu san matsayin Manzon Allah (S), mu ba shi hakken da Allah ya ba shi na girmamawa da darajantawa. Babu kuwa wata girmamawa da ta rage mana fiye da kimanta umurninsa da haninsa, da rashin gabatar da umurnin kowa ko haninsa a kan nasa. Allah ya yi muna muwafaqa, ya sa mu cikin cetonsa.

*_Alhamdu lillah_*

KARKU MANTA DA GAYYATO MANA ABOKANANKU ZUWA WANNAN SHAFIN MUN GODE.